Organic Chemistry Intro

 Notes for Today:

CDT and first case study

Friday we wrapped up the properties of water with a daily question quiz and you turned in your lab write up. I also had you watch another crash course as an introduction to the next topic of Organic Chemisty.

 Yesterday and today you took your baseline CDT.  This will give me and you a good look at how you are progressing through the year.

I will be showing you all individually how you did, here is a look at how you scored as a class!!!

After finishing your CDT I had you start into your first case study.  As my honors students, I plan to push you guys a bit harder and this year I will be incorporating different case studies as a way to extend you understanding of different topics.  This is all research by the national science foundation. 

To go along with our section on organic chemistry, you will also be working through the following case study.

Today I had you find a BIOLOGICAL definition of Energy and started looking up the ingredients of different energy drinks.

We will go full force on this tomorrow!!!! 

water wrap up

                                       Thursday September 12th

Water in solution disassociates into two ions.  What are these two ions? (What caused the charges to happen?)

 
Because water does this it is considered a universal……… Solvent.  (Keep in mind though... while it is called this, water CANNOT dissolve EVERYTHING - For instance any it cannot dissolve any Nonpolar substances!!)
Write the equation  and diagram out  How salt (NaCl) dissolves in water

The positive Sodium (Na) will be attracted to the Negative Hydroxide ion (OH) to form NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide), while the Negative Cloride (Cl) will be attracted to the Positive Hydrogen ion to form HCl (Hydrochlorid acid) in what would be known as a double displacement reaction.

 

In reality this is usually what happens!!!

The water molecules remain in their bonded form but different areas of the water molecules are drawn to either Na+ or Cl-

I then gave you the general guidelines of your water lab wrap up:

and I had Hank Green from Crash Course give you a final review on all of this!!

 

You started your lab write up, I asked for you to finish it tonight.  If there are still questions tomorrow about it, I will answer them and this will be due by the end of the period tomorrow!!



DAILY QUESTION QUIZ TOMORROW!!!!

Specific Heat and Water as a Solvent

Wednesday September 11^th

 

Water will form hydrogen bonds with other substances such as glass, soil and plant tissues. The term for this type of attraction is known as Adhesion

A combination of this and Cohesion can cause water to ‘defy gravity’ by moving UP narrow tubes (such as the roots of trees) in a process known as Capillary Action

**

Water is able to resist drastic changes in temperature because it has a high Specific Heat (heat capacity)

Why is this important to us? (As humans)
We are made up of approximately 75% water as is the EARTH..... We rely on waters ability to store large amounts of heat in order for our planet to remain a livable temperature!!

Speaking of heat capacity..... Today was another brutal hot day, so you guys got to take it RELATIVELY easy.  We just discussed specific heat again, moved into the importance of water being LESS dense as a solid than a liquid, and finally about how water is a great solvent.  Here were the notes from Wednesday.

 

Adhesion and Capillary Action Notes and activities

Tuesday September 10^th 

*Water can and WANTS to form bonds with how many other water molecules? 4 (EVERY water molecule wants to bind with 4 others so it will eventually form a crystal like structure like this.

*Waters attraction to other water molecules is known as Cohesion 

*The term for how water “pulls in” at the surface to form a “film” is known as Surface Tension (Which we saw yesterday)

A water molecule is a polar molecule used in all living organisms. 

 

Which process is the direct result of the polarity of the water?

A.  The storage of chemical energy

B.  The destruction of damaged cell parts

C.  The transferring of genetic information

D.  The dissolving of a variety of substances

 

 

We then looked at Adhesion and capillary action today with the following notes and activities.

 Here is a poor quality video of how we viewed capillary action (pay no attention to the sound ;)

 

 

Wonders of Water Day 2 and 3

Friday we had our daily question quiz and then started into more water labs.

First you filled your jars ALL the way to the top with water

Then you added enough water so that the level was slightly higher
than the rim of the jar.

Then we started adding pennies!!

One at a time you added pennies to your already full jar of water to see how many you could get in there before it overflowed.

Many of you were able to get quite a few pennies in there before it started to actually over flow!!!

Now to see what all of this means... we started into how water binds with other water molecules.

 

Using the models in your cups – make 5 water molecules then place how you think one would bond with 4 others.

 

What type of bond holds two water molecules together?
Hydrogen Bonds
 

Today we continued with notes and activities on Water.  First refreshing our knowledge of the structure of water and how it bonds with others using two slides from Friday (See above).  Then we moved on into Cohesion.

 

 
Next demo was to show cohesion and surface tension using pennies.


Using a Pipette, we added as many drops of water onto our pennies until it overflowed.  This was to show a couple things, first was Cohesion which is waters attraction to other water molecules.  The second was to show surface tension.  Because water is in love with itself, it wants desperately to be bound to 4 other water molecules.  Those water molecules at the surface of water have to hold on extra tight to the molecules beside and below it that it develops a sort of "film" at the surface.



Eventually the pressure would be too much and it would overflow, but the water molecules still are holding on to each other!!!!

Next we looked at surface tension with a different demo.......

We balanced a pin on the side of
the jar, let go and saw if we could get the pin to
float on the water



If you look very carefully, you can see how the water slightly "dips" in at where the pin is laying.  This is showing the how the  hydrogen bonds will "bend" a bit, but it takes a while to break

 Finally you started into Adhesion as we finished up the class period.

Wonders of water day 1

Thursday September 5th  

Based on this cartoon – What type of Bond is this “marriage” depicting since the guy states “I Do! Here’s my Valence Electron Baby” Ionic (In ionic bonds electrons are lost or gained, this causes charges and then the attraction of a negative ion to a positive ion.)

What if instead the “boy” atom said, “I do, Let’s share our valence electrons baby” Which type of bond would it be referring to? Covalent.  When electrons are SHARED, this is known as a covalent bond (which makes for a MUCH better relationship ;) 

We reviewed the last couple slides from yesterday and then started into the following notes/activities.

I had your cups of happy water ready on your desk for you..... as we stared our first slide



Then we built our first water molecule



The large red atom is the oxygen, the small white atoms
are hydrogen.



You then made smaller water molecules to see how water interacts with other water molecules

I had you guess, based on your understanding of water structure, how two water molecules would bond with each other.

Most of you were able to infer that the hydrogen end of one water molecule would be attracted to the negative end
of another.