Bioenergetics and photosynthesis intro

Thursday November 29^th 

What are the Reactants (inputs) of Photosynthesis?

Sunlight, Carbon Dioxide and Water 

What are the reactants (inputs) of cellular respiration?

Glucose and Oxgyen 

How are the inputs and outputs of cellular respiration and photosynthesis related?

The inputs (reactants) of cellular respiration are the outputs (products) of photosynthesis.

Friday November 30^th

For every cycle of photosynthesis how many Carbon Dioxide molecules are needed?

 6

One of the main products of photosynthesis is glucose, how many carbons does glucose have?

 6

What can we infer about WHERE the carbon comes from to make glucose?

The carbon found in glucose ultimately comes from Carbon Dioxide from the atmosphere.

Over the past two days we started looking at the notes specifically on photosynthesis.  We also looked at a couple different videos.  The first two were meant to motivate you..... or something like that!  the famoeous "Photosynthesis Rap"  Found below

 Then the more "light hearted" song

And then finally today I had you look at the following khan academy video that will b a good reference for if you miss any of the next couple days!

Bioenergetics introduction

I hope you guys all enjoyed your Thanksgiving break.  Only 16 more school days until Christmas!!!!   Last week we took our cell membrane/ cell transport exam on Monday and did some extra credit on tuesday with some scientific readings on the myth of tryptophan.  This week we start into a new chapter on bioenergetics.  These are the following Keystone Exam Anchors we will be focusing on for the next couple weeks.

Today's daily questions served as a review of what you have learned about bioenergetics throughout previous years.  We will be moving into MUCH more detail than you learned before, but most of you were able to answer almost all of these based on previous knowledge!

Tuesday November 27^th

Ultimately, all the energy that we have originates from where? The Sun

What is the name of the process that turns energy from this into chemical energy?Photosynthesis

What macromolecule is our MAIN source of energy? Glucose

            What molecule is that then turned into for our cells to use? ATP!!!

After this we started into introductory notes on the energy of life - please check out Edline if you missed any of these!!

Endocytosis and Exocytosis

Wednesday November 14th 

#2 ATP

What form of transport would this be considered?  Active Transport (Since molecules are moving from an area of LOW concentration to HIGH concentration this would be ACTIVE transport and require energy in the form of ATP)

Give one example of this type of transport in human cells. The Sodium-Potassium Pump.  This pumps positively charged ions AGAINST their concentration gradient setting up a concentration gradient which creates an electrochemical gradient.  This allows nerve signals to be sent and aids in water balance inside of cells.

After these questions we finished up notes on active transport focusing on Endo and Exocytosis.  Below are some of the clips i showed to let you see how this works in our bodies and those of single celled organisms.

Other places to show animations of active transport are below

http://www.maxanim.com/physiology/Endocytosis%20and%20Exocytosis/Endocytosis%20and%20Exocytosis.htm

http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/vesiclebudding.html

Animations of ALL type of cell transport can be found here

http://www.wiley.com/college/boyer/0470003790/animations/membrane_transport/membrane_transport.htm 

Day 4 and Wrap Up

Friday we finished up the egg lab and had some fun with our "bouncy" egg.  In the mean time though, we continued through notes about osmosis. Here were some pics from the lab

Many of you attempted to "bounce" the egg
that was now full of water

Looking MUCH different than yesterday!!

And the best part of all - disposing of the eggs!

Today then we started with the following daily question:

Because water moves from an area of high concentration to low concentration, water will move OUT of the cell.  Since the solute concentration is higher outside of the cell than in - it is considered to be a hypertonic solution.  The cell would shrink in this type of solution.


We then finished up the osmosis notes and examples and you then had time to finish up your egg lab and application questions.

Some demonstrations I did to show you how most cell
are made up of a TON of water (like this water balloon)

The cells are suspended in fluid and when the concentration
of water is different inside the cell then outside the cell
water moves across the membrane and this is known as osmosis

Day 3 of Egg Lab

Today you took your egg out of the corn syrup

You measured the corn syrup and noticed that there
was more liquid in there than you added yesterday



The EGG on the other hand looked a little well......
deflated!!!


After this you then placed the egg into water. I lead you in a discussion from your notes about facilitated diffusion and osmosis. Please Check edline for the notes!

Day 2 of Egg Lab

Yesterday you took your eggs ouf of the vinegar, weighed them and measured a final volume left in the beaker.  You noticed that the egg weighed more and the there was less vinegar in the beaker than when you left it yesterday.  This was letting you see diffusion in action!  You had the fun opportunity to take the shell off the eggs and 2 of you managed to break your egg..... sorry about that guys!!!

Here were some pics from today.

egg out of vinegar

Taking the shell off the egg

shell completely off egg

Ooops!!!!

"I didn't MEAN to!!!  I was just Holding it and
it broke!!!"

I also showed you how Iodine moved into a cell membrane.  Below is an image of a bag full of corn starch.  In just water it remains white.  When placed in iodine - the iodine molecules were able to move across the membrane into the bag.  We know this because the corn starch turned a bluish black color.  In the presence of iodine complex carbohydrates turn this color.

Bag in water

Bag once placed in iodine

Day 1 of Egg Lab!!

We started with a review of the cell membrane and an intro to passive transport with the following DQ's

Tuesday November 6^th

I have type A blood.  What part of the cell membrane surrounding my red blood cells determines that I have type A blood!!!

Red blood cell with no "tags"
Type O blood

Cell Surface Markers (Also known as Glycoproteins)

Red blood cell with "A"
tags = Type A blood

Red Blood cell with "B" Tags
= Type B bloo

Red Blood Cells with Both
A and B tags = Type AB blood

TSH (Thyroid Stimulating hormone) binds to thyroid cells and initiates the production of T3 and T4 (Thyroid hormones), what part of the cell membrane does TSH bind to?

Receptor Proteins

When molecules move – they generally will move from an area of High to Low concentration until the concentration is equal everywhere.  Once this has occurred it is known as Dynamic Equilibrium.

What is happening to the molecules at that point (in terms of movement)The molecules are constantly moving randomly (In no NET direction)

After this we started into our Egg lab!!  Today you just weighed your egg, named your egg and put it into Vinegar!  I had you answer some pre-lab questions and make predictions of what you think may happen over night. 

You Weighed your Egg

Then measured out 100 ml of vinegar 

Then Carefully placed your egg into the vinegar!

And some of you then drew pictures.............  Nice
art work Carter ;)

Tomorrow we will see what happened and how this all relates to cell transport AND the structure of the cell membrane!!

Cell Membrane Discussion

Monday November 5^th

The cell membrane is made up of a bilayer made of two parts

1. Polar Phoshpate heads which are attracted to water (Hydrophilic)

2.  NonPolar Fatty Acid (lipid) Tails which are repelled by water (Hydrophobic)

Because of this, what kind of molecules can pass freely through the cell membrane? Small nonpolar molecules such as oxygen, carbon dioxide and natural steroid hormones.

Other substances (larger/polar molecules) move through membrane proteins known as  Transport Proteins (Channel and carrier proteins)

I discussed all the notes on the cell membrane and we started to get into the notes on passive transport.  We will start a lab tomorrow looking at different types of passive transport.  One demonstration I did today showed you what BASIC diffusion is and what the term "Dynamic Equilibrium" means.  The following are pics of red dye diffusing through a test tube.  This was an example of simple diffusion.  We will be looking at much more complex forms of transport throughout this week and next!

Red Dye added initially

A concentration Gradient has now formed with a high concentration
at the top and a low concentration at the bottom.

The Dye continues to sink, still setting up a concentration gradient

The Dye has now sunk to the bottom and will now
move from an area of HIGH concentration to an area of LOW
Concentration.

Red dye molecules continue to move WITH
the concentration gradient.

At this point, the test tube would be in Dynamic Equilibrium.
It is NOT that the molecules have STOPPED moving, it is
that now they have no NET movement.  

Thank You

You guys have been GREAT over the last two days since I have lost my voice so for that

Alright,  So just as a reminder of what we have done - you have stared reading through this chapter in the book and filling out the directed reading.  Tomorrow I will have you get down all the passive transport notes and I am hoping that my voice will be back by Monday when we will discuss all the notes and start into our a SWEET lab about passive transport!